Pidato pengunduran diri president suharto biography

  • Suharto resigned as President of Indonesia on following the collapse of support for his 32-year long presidency.
  • 12 (2020): 1926–56.
  • 54 In February 2022, the Jokowi government issued Presidential Decree 2/2022, which included a retelling of history that erases Suharto's name.

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    The Indonesian Supreme Court: A Study of Institutional Collapse 9781501718861

    Table of contents :
    Introduction: Sambutan Ketua Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia
    Table Of Contents
    Foreword
    Acknowledgments
    Chapter 1: Colonial History
    Chapter 2: Parliamentary System and Guided Democracy (1945-1965): The Political Mobilization of the Judiciary
    Chapter 3: New Order (1965-1970): Power Struggle and Failure
    Chapter 4: Entrenched New Order (Post-1970): Political Co-optation of the Judiciary
    Chapter 5: The Supreme Court and Judicial Organization
    Chapter 6: The Judicial Function
    Chapter 7: The Supreme Court Functions of Regulation and Supervision
    Chapter 8: The Organization of the Supreme Court
    Chapter 9: The Judges
    Chapter 10: The Impact of Supreme Court Decisions (Jurisprudence)
    Conclusion
    Abbreviations and Acronyms
    Appendix I: Schematic Historical Overview
    Appendix II: Court Dockets in Indonesia, 1969-1993
    Appendix III: High-Profile Cases of the 1990s
    Appendix IV: Photographs
    Subject a

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    Title: 印尼軍方角色的轉變及其政治影響（1967－1998）
    The Evolution of the Military and Its Political Consequences in Indonesia (1967-1998)
    Authors: 陳祁
    Sutanto, Maleakhi Misael
    Contributors: 孫采薇
    Sun, Tsai-wei
    陳祁
    Maleakhi Misael Sutanto
    Keywords: 印尼
    軍方
    歷史制度主義
    新秩序
    Indonesia
    Military
    Historical Institutionalism
    New Order
    Date: 2023
    Issue Date: 2023-03-09 18:46:36 (UTC+8)
    Abstract: 本論文旨在通過追溯導致國家民主化的軍隊演變過程，以幫助更好地理解軍隊在軍人政權民主轉型中的作用。本論文探討了文獻中確定的一個發生這種過程的案例，即蘇哈托領導下的印度尼西亞新秩序政權。
    本文采用歷史制度的方法，將軍隊視為一個自身利益獨立於政權的機構，但其決策是在各種結構性約束下做出的。因此，本文首先闡述了整個新秩序政權長達32年的軍政動態，然後定位了關鍵時刻的存在，並確定了案例中發生的製度變革模式 以啟發軍隊的演變如何無意中促進了印度尼西亞的民主化。
    This thesis seeks to contribute to the greater understanding of the role of the military in democratic transition within military regimes by tracing the process of the evolution of the military, which process led to the democratization of the country. This thesis explor

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    Fall of Suharto

    1998 Indonesian presidential resignation

    Suharto resigned as President of Indonesia on 21 May 1998 following the collapse of support for his 32-year long presidency. Vice President B. J. Habibie took over the presidency.

    Suharto's grip on power weakened following severe economic and political crises stemming from the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The economy suffered a flight of foreign capital, leading to a drastic drop in the value of the Indonesian rupiah, which severely impacted the economy and people's livelihoods.

    Suharto was re-elected to his seventh term by the People's Consultative Assembly in March 1998. Increasing political unrest and violence undermined his previously firm political and military support, leading to his May 1998 resignation. Initially beneath newly installed President Habibie, a period of political reform (Reformasi) followed.

    Historical background

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    Dissent during the New Order

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    Having consolidated power in 1967 in

  • pidato pengunduran diri president suharto biography